jeremy,
But that wouldn't mean either of those things are actually true, because they are not and if they applied the methods of science they would find that out.
Depends what you mean by "actually" true. They're true
enough for the purposes to which they're put. Newtonian physics was true enough for the purposes to which it was put before Einstein showed up, when new truth models became available. You're still locked in to the idea of a base, "actual" truth that we have found but other cultures haven't. You can't do that though - the phenomenon of unknown unknowns alone tells you that. What if we are for example just algorithms programmed to think that water is what we think it is?
That's the thing about truth - there can be no "actual" because it's
probabilistic. "X is probably true according the data available and the tools and processes we have to investigate them" is fine; "X is absolutely, categorically, irrefutably true" is not because that's something we cannot know to be the case.
Because numerous observations have told us that it is the correct model.
Yes, but only "correct" so far as our observations are accurate, and our interpretation of them maps precisely to an "out there" reality. I'm not saying that the conclusion we have is wrong, but you cannot just assume that it reflects a base reality either.
Colour perception is an artifact of the way the receptors in the eye react to different wavelengths of light.
And of the processing the brain does to interpret that data. How would you know that what you perceive as "red" is also what I perceive as "red"? (The "other minds" problem.)
The scientific model of light is not based on colours. There's nothing cultural about it.
Just because the Greeks had no word for blue doesn't mean they couldn't perceive light emitted in the range 500 nm to 400 nm.
But they saw no difference between that and the frequency for dark red ("the wine-dark sea") - it was all one colour to them. I forget the details, but there's a toad that recognises a snake orientated in one direction but not in another (one being "about to bite me" mode, the other being "not about to bite me"). Photons are reaching the eyes of the toad in each case, but for one the snake simply doesn't exist - it's invisible. That's the toad's reality, and that's a kind of culture too.
Incidentally, none of this implies that "true enough" isn't powerful and important - it's what gives us MRI scanners and space craft visiting comets, and it's what allows us to disqualify the claims of the religious when they crash through the tools we have to model reality. I'm just saying that it's dangerous territory to overreach into claims for it of certainty and absolutism.