About 2/3 through 'Byzantium' by Judith Herrin, a brief history of the Byzantine Empire. I red JJ Norwich's three-volume history a few years ago. The Byzantines were horribly fond of punishing people by blinding, but, as she points out, it was at least preferable to the death penalty, which they used only rarely. Also, she points out that Byzantium never developed anything like an inquisition, nor burned heretics at the stake. Well, for good or bad, it lasted for a millennium, which is not bad going.