It should be pointed out that Tyson was responding to a question and choose to frame the answer in the light of the subtitle. I don't think there is anything of a suggestion that you have to have read these books to be intelligent or that you should necessarily be looking to understand the western mind as the sole pursuit of someone intelligent.
To be honest I think the question is a bit fatuous and it is only Tyson' s answer that gives it the dignity that it has by framing it with the subtitle. I think a more sensible question and I think what some have interpreted it on the threads are what are the books you go to, or have stayed with you, or give a flavour of you. In that spirit here are 8 of mine
1 Confessions of a Justified Sinner by James Hogg, a book that haunts so much of Scottish literature and is a musing on the supernatural, logic, and free will, all of them pet subjects
2 The Deptford Trilogy by Robertson Davies, a set of books which in one part is a homage to Justified Sinner and takes it into the world of Jung, magic and the mix of Scottish presbyterianism through a Canadian prism
3 An Enquiry on Human Understanding by David Hume - like a philosophical companion piece to Justified Sinner, and for philosophy beautifully, elegantly clear.
4. Catch 22 by Joseph Heller - the first book I ever read that screamed about the absurdity of humanity quite so clearly working in that genre which most defines our absurdity, war
5. Death of a Hero by Richard Aldington - an earlier war novel that works on a much less raucous level than Catch 22, but also ties in with the ideas in Justified Sinner about how perceptions of internal and external create an irreconcilable duality
6. The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman - exposes the ease by which madness can arise by cloying cruelty and the treatment of someone for whatever reason as lesser
7. Paper Money by Adam Smith (note not the Adam Smith but a financial journalist and money manager called George Goodman writing under a pseudonym) - a brilliant and clear book on the mystery that is money, although written in the late 60s / early 70s, it covers a lot of the difficulties and problems we have today particularly in its coverage of the development of eurodollars.
8. A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole, as with many of the books tinged by a hint of madness and depression, covering the absurdity of existence with a picaresque joy