Although didn't some civilizations also think that they were cursed by their gods? I suppose some of them had a mixture of bad gods and good gods, so you could explain the changes in life.
But I sometimes wonder if the Abrahamics have kind of included a similar sort of dualism, but they have stressed that we deserve the wrath of God. So you can have God in full-on smiting mode, but that's OK, because you've been disobedient.
wiggi
Yes, I think that's fairly clear from the early books of the Bible - though 'being disobedient' seemed principally 'not giving supreme devotion to Yahweh' - modified to 'not giving exclusive devotion to Yahweh' when the ancient Hebrews became less henotheistic.
It's interesting how the Book of Job (which Jack mentioned) tries to grapple with this problem of a good bloke who does everything right according to the rules, but still finds himself in the shit. I believe the origins of this story are quite ancient and come from non-Jewish sources, so I wonder just when it was thought to epitomise the problem of 'where does unjustified suffering come from?' Probably post-Babylonian exile?
A while ago I read an 18th century diary of a clergyman, and it was amazing to see him twisting and turning to justify the various ways of God. Since he believed in providence, he tried to justify many things - for example, his daughter died, and he saw it as a kind of admonishment.
I believe the death of his daughter was a turning-point for Darwin, who was not prepared to stomach any more the kind of double-think that (fundamentalist) Christians are still prepared to indulge in to preserve the moral integrity of their presumed creator. Mind you, Darwin had been well prepared by his exhaustive studies of nature's sublimely arbitrary indifference to such theological tangles.
I suppose this has died out largely, but not entirely. Especially in the US, you still get the 'hurricanes will increase because of gay marriage, and God is very angry' and so on. Even more common is the view that God reduces you a bit, as you were becoming too prideful. It does verge on masochism.
It also seems ad hoc, and a kind of retcon. I mean, you didn't realize you were being prideful, but your comeuppance has made you look back, and realize you were. Hoody, doody.
I think the tendency of such groups is to single out 'those degenerates not like us' as the first cause for divine anger, rather than taking a look at themselves. Not that either attitude has the slightest significance regarding the behaviour of the natural world (except in the extent to which the 'saved' may be polluting the environment - but in that case, what the hell - Armageddon's just round the corner)