I know of no evidence to suggest that British citizens and residents are inherently more "criminal" than people in other, similar, countries but it does seem that we have tendency to incarcerate more people for longer than do other countries. (I do not include the USA in this comparison.)
What concerns me is the cost of incarceration - almost £40,000 per inmate per year. And the number of prisoners appears to be growing. At a time when public services are being subjected to harsh cost cutting measures but increasing incarceration appears to be immune from scrutiny (I may well be wrong.)
The use of imprisonment as a means of retribution is certainly justified but is there any evidence that prison acts as a deterrent? I remember as an undergraduate nearly half a century ago considering the lack of any evidence supporting this notion. After all, if it were a deterrent it would put people off committing crimes - which it clearly does no.
I can think of many situations where a custodial sentence is unnecessary: the shame of public exposure and denunciation may be punishment enough - especially where the offender is well-known in a community.
There are some offences which should only be punished by removal from society and - in some cases - prolonged imprisonment is entirely appropriate, but in many cases it does seem to me that incarceration is a knee-jerk response by the judge.
One thought that I have had is that judges should have a prison budget for all cases where prison is an optional punishment. And when a judge exceeds his or her budget, he or she should be made to give a public justification of sentencing habits.
http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Prisonthefacts.pdf