Why is it called a methodology instead of a method?!
I think they can, and are, used interchangeably depending on what is being discussed. A method (potentially also known as an assay) is a specific protocol where as methodology refers to a more broad brush approach. I am lucky to have had a varied career, mostly physical chemistry but also studying human behaviours and the drivers for them. In each, we need a way of supporting claims i.e. this ingredient drives buying preference and in others, this product contains ingredient x at y%. Also, this material consists of certain mesophases.
For each claim you need different methods, but you need something to be able to determine if the evidence is strong enough to support the claims you make.
Contrast this with the answers to prayers and Hope's view, not just on that thread but others to. You might pray for healing and it happens. Hooray a miracle. It doesn't happen; well it was God doing what was best.
It is a busted flush, you can't tell the difference between divine intervention and random chance. That is why we ask for a methodology, but alas, none is ever forthcoming.