AB,
You have to ask the question:
How can conscious perception be achieved by the deterministic activity of atomic particles?
Not if you find an unsatisfactory answer to give you a mandate to pop in "God", "soul" etc rather than just a "don't know" you don't.
Atomic particles react to events - they do not consciously perceive.
Depends what you mean by "events", and it's
sub-atomic particles in any case but yes - individually they cannot "perceive" - ie, interpret - anything.
Conscious perception requires the properties of billions of atomic particles to be perceived by a single entity of awareness.
No. The "billions of atomic particles"
is the "single entity of awareness". That's the point. Consciousness is an emergent property of those countless and individually non-conscious component parts.
Many human brain will cells contain the information to be perceived, but physical science has no definition for the entity which perceives this information.
Of course it does. That's what theory of mind is about. That it doesn't have all the answers yet - or may never do - is a secondary matter.
And not only does this entity perceive the information in the brain, it can interact with it in a way which can't be explained by deterministic science.
No, of course it can be explained and besides your dualism - mind vs body - is bogus. What would this mind
be if not for a property of the body?
The human race has been aware of their spiritual nature for several thousand years, and contrary to the opinions of many misinformed people, current scientific discoveries have not been able to disprove our spiritual nature.
That's called the negative proof fallacy, and moreover the perception of a "spiritual" dimension to our existence is entirely irrelevant to the argument. "Being aware of" and "demonstrating to be the case" are not the same thing at all.