At my grammar school,in the 1950s, the most prominent bully was the head teacher himself. He set the tone for the whole school.There were some teachers who were considerate and friendly, but too many others found it easy to go with the flow, to belittle students, to ignore some students, to hit some students and throw objects at them - in other words, physically abuse students. And because of the prevailing ethos, completely get away with it. Prefects were allowed to administer physical punishment. The school was not a particular joyful place. One of its depressing aspects was its espousal of "masculinity" - for instance, biology was not taught, it was considered a "girl's subject".
His replacement, following retirement, transformed the school. He introduced music and drama, the repressive ethos was abolished and the school started to flourish in a way previously unknown.