Patriarchy - so institutionalised that it becomes the cultural norm and women see it as their duty to uphold it.
Masculine envy of female sexuality? Could be. I have never envied women their sexual rewards - if indeed they differ from those of men - if only because of the price women pay for their sexuality.
But then, male genital mutilation (of which I was a victim) appeared to be a female conspiracy. Most births (when I was young) took place at home and the midwife offered the "service" during the first few days of a baby boy's life. My observations in changing rooms at school and at swimming pools was that rather more boys were circuncised than were not.
I don't watch Call the Midwife but I bet there is no sign of it there!
I know someone very well who was a District Midwife during the period that 'Call the Midwife' was made, working in a very poor area (not Poplar). I remember you said once before that midwives offered circumcision and I asked her about it. She was horrified at the thought, said that it wasn't part of her training and she had never performed circumcision, neither had her colleagues. So you were unlucky HH. It was often performed in hospital, by doctors, my husband was circumcised but he was born in a maternity home, with no problems.
Apparently it is fairly routine in America. I wonder why.
However, going back to FGM, it's really horrific to think of mothers and grandmothers mutilating their little girls.
Steveh, I saw that episode of CtheM (I've seen every episode at least once), that you mentioned in which the pregnant woman had had the procedure, the midwives and the doctor hadn't seen anything like it before. They did some research and found out what it was about, thankfully. The woman had a C section. It was a very traumatic episode.