Because for justice to be done, Adam had to die for his sin - that was the penalty - or else someone who had no sin of his own to pay the penalty for, had to die in his place.
A temporal 'crime' of curiosity whilst innocent (mitigated by God's failure to adequately control identified risks) results in the death penalty? That doesn't seem a little harsh?
It wouldn't have been a sacrifice if he had not died.
Given that he reportedly came back, that doesn't sound like a sacrifice - I'm not pretending that the process would have been pleasant if it had happened as described, but it's not a sacrifice if you're around to talk about it afterwards, is it?
They couldn't, it was called the tree of knowledge of good and evil because you only knew disobedience was bad once you'd disobeyed.
Which makes the idea of a punishment all the more repugnant - we have the concept of diminished responsibility, and it's potentially open to abuse at times, but this sort of lack of awareness is what it was put into place for. If someone genuinely doesn't understand what they're doing is wrong, how can we - or a perfectly moral deity - punish them for it?
Because he wanted them to be able to choose to refuse it.
What is the value of a choice made by someone who doesn't understand the consequences of the 'wrong' choice? How does an all-knowing God not already know which way they'll go?
He told them to rule over the animals, so they knew they were meant to take God's word over the snake's.
But the serpent wasn't a snake at the time - it was his subsequent punishment to crawl on his belly in the dust... and it spoke - animals don't speak, don't reason. This was a divine creature, with supernatural powers of temptation of its own, working on naive people with literally no moral understanding at all...
God hasn't threatened humanity with punishment without providing a means by which they can be saved from it.
Even if that were the best way forward, and I'd question that, it's the idea of an eternal punishment for a temporal activity, even if you define an atheist life (or the wrong theistic life) as something inherently worthy of punishment. Notwithstanding the authoritarian nature of 'my arbitrary, illogical way or hellfire', isn't an eternity of punishment excessive? Punishment not tempered with mercy isn't justice, it's revenge; when it's a punishment transposed from someone else's actions that's even less justice and becomes just sadism.
But you would also expect them to obey you if you prohibited something.
No, I'd expect them to understand when I explain to them why I don't think they should be doing things; until they're old enough to understand and make informed decisions they don't get to disobey because they aren't left alone.
I think our friend has got it wrong here: if Michael is the Angel of Jehovah and therefore Jesus, then God did not create him, as Jesus always existed. If Michael is just an (arch)angel, then he was created along with the other angels.
The specifics aren't necessarily the point - the various ranks of angels are divine beings, God and Jesus and the word of God/Holy Spirit are three independent (if 'spiritually' linked) divine beings... this isn't a monotheism.
The New heavens and Earth too - no sun, God is its light.
I appreciate most believers are ready to accept that the depiction of creation in Genesis is at least partially metaphoric - that was a point aimed at what seemed like a particularly literal interpretation.
Children sometimes have to suffer as a consequence of their parents' actions though.
No, they don't 'have to' - sometimes we lack the nuance, subtlety, compassion, time or sadly just the will to implement a system where it doesn't happen, sometimes we lack the ability to prevent it, but that's not the same as deliberately implementing the system so that it punishes individuals for the sins of their predecessors.
Again, God has provided a way for each individual to be saved.
That would be more meaningful if it wasn't God's apparent malice that we needed saving from. Even if you follow the teaching that salvation can be 'earned', not being eternally punished for something someone with no moral understanding did doesn't make god gracious or beneficent. People don't worship me because I don't kill the descendants of, say, slave traders... that's not holy, that's just the minimum standard of not being a tyrant.
O.